衛(wèi)星緊急無(wú)線電示位標(biāo)（EPIRB，Emergency position indicating radiobeacon）常簡(jiǎn)稱為示位標(biāo)，因工作頻率在406MHz附近也常被簡(jiǎn)稱406，也稱為應(yīng)急無(wú)線電示位標(biāo)。
中文名:衛(wèi)星緊急無(wú)線電示位標(biāo)
外文名:Emergency position indicating radio beacon
簡(jiǎn) 稱:EPIRB
英文簡(jiǎn)稱:為示位標(biāo)
截止2021年12月NOAA公布的全球注冊(cè)總數(shù)為736,550個(gè)，包括如下4種救援信標(biāo)。
ELTs: 136,731
EPIRBs: 284,561
PLBs: 314,993
SSASs: 265
說(shuō)明：
1.陸用個(gè)人信標(biāo):PLB(Personal Locator Beacom）
2.航空信標(biāo)：ELT(Emergency Locator Transmitter)
3.船用信標(biāo)：EPIRB(Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon)
4.船舶保安警報(bào)系統(tǒng)：SSAS (Ship Security Alert System)
簡(jiǎn)介
包含GPS的緊急無(wú)線電示位標(biāo)常被稱為衛(wèi)星緊急無(wú)線電示位標(biāo)。緊急無(wú)線電示位標(biāo)在船/海洋平臺(tái)下沉后，自動(dòng)彈出浮到水面，發(fā)求救信號(hào)，信號(hào)通過(guò)COSPAS-SARSAT系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到地面站。
與多用于海上用戶的緊急無(wú)線電示位標(biāo)相類似，陸上應(yīng)用的類似產(chǎn)品叫做個(gè)人示位標(biāo)（PLB，Personal Locator Beacon），航空應(yīng)用的類似產(chǎn)品叫做航空無(wú)線電示位標(biāo)（ELT）。
緊急無(wú)線電示位標(biāo)為全球救援體系中的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)，具有全球救援特性。如船舶駛離本地，也可及時(shí)得到國(guó)際組織的救援。這一點(diǎn)是任何國(guó)家單獨(dú)本地救援體系所無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的，避免了在外海遇險(xiǎn)無(wú)法救援的問(wèn)題。
緊急無(wú)線電 示位標(biāo)（406）是將詳細(xì)位置信息和船的信息通過(guò)衛(wèi)星發(fā)出求救信號(hào)，如在中國(guó)附近，該信號(hào)會(huì)發(fā)往北京或香港的國(guó)際衛(wèi)星地面搜救中心。一般而言，緊急無(wú)線電示位標(biāo)（406）報(bào)警后，搜救組織派搜救船舶到附近，SART會(huì)在搜救船舶抵達(dá)附近后起作用。如果緊急無(wú)線電示位標(biāo)（406）自帶121.5MHz尋位信號(hào)，也能指引搜救平臺(tái)快速找到該標(biāo)體，但普通商船無(wú)法識(shí)別406示位標(biāo)所發(fā)射的121.5MHz信號(hào)。船沉后，船員會(huì)把緊急無(wú)線電示位標(biāo)（406）帶走，隨時(shí)向衛(wèi)星發(fā)送人員當(dāng)前位置信號(hào)，指引搜救，而當(dāng)附近沒(méi)有船舶時(shí)雷達(dá)應(yīng)答器則無(wú)法起到示位作用。
Number of People Rescued in Calendar Year 2022 in the United States: 4
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Rescues at sea: 2 people rescued in 1 incidents
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Aviation rescues: 1 people rescued in 1 incidents
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Terrestrial PLB rescues: 1 people rescued in 1 incidents
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Worldwide – Over 48,000+ people rescued (since 1982)
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United States – 9,727 people rescued (since 1982)
Number of People Rescued in Calendar Year 2021 in the United States: 330
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Rescues at sea: 195 people rescued in 72 incidents
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Aviation rescues: 29 people rescued in 15 incidents
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Terrestrial PLB rescues: 106 people rescued in 65 incidents
Recent Calendar Year Totals in the United States:
2020: 304 people
2019: 421 people
2018: 340 people
2017: 275 people
2016: 307 people
2015: 250 people
2014: 240 people
2013: 261 people
2012: 263 people
2011: 207 people
2010: 295 people
2009: 195 people
2008: 282 people
2007: 353 people
2006: 272 people
2005: 222 people
2004: 260 people
2003: 224 people
2002: 171 people
2001: 166 people
SARSAT
Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking
Around the world...around the clock...NOAA proudly stands watch. As an integral part of worldwide search and rescue, NOAA operates the Search And Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) System to detect and locate mariners, aviators, and recreational enthusiasts in distress almost anywhere in the world at anytime and in almost any condition.
The SARSAT system uses NOAA satellites in low-earth and geostationary orbits as well as GPS satellites in medium earth orbit to detect and locate aviators, mariners, and land-based users in distress. The satellites relay distress signals from emergency beacons to a network of ground stations and ultimately to the U.S. Mission Control Center (USMCC) in Suitland, Maryland. The USMCC processes the distress signal and alerts the appropriate search and rescue authorities to who is in distress and, more importantly, where they are located. Truly, SARSAT takes the "search" out of search and rescue!
NOAA-SARSAT is a part of the international Cospas-Sarsat Program to which 45 nations and two independent SAR organizations belong. To find out more about SARSAT please feel free to explore our website. We hope you enjoy your visit!
SARSAT - A Lifeline To Survival!
